[ { "id": "fr-2004", "year": 2004, "date_label": "March 2004", "country": "France", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Law bans conspicuous religious symbols in state schools", "detail": "Law 2004-228 bars pupils from wearing conspicuous religious symbols in public primary and secondary schools. In practice it has been applied above all to the headscarf.", "status": "In force", "source": "Légifrance, Law 2004-228", "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000417977", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "ch-2009", "year": 2009, "date_label": "29 November 2009", "country": "Switzerland", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Referendum", "headline": "Referendum adds a minaret construction ban to the constitution", "detail": "57.5% of voters backed a federal popular initiative prohibiting the construction of new minarets.", "status": "In force", "source": "Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police", "source_url": "https://www.ejpd.admin.ch/en/popular-initiative-against-the-construction-of-minarets", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "fr-2010", "year": 2010, "date_label": "October 2010", "country": "France", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Nationwide ban on concealing the face in public", "detail": "Law 2010-1192 made it an offence to conceal the face in public space. France was the first European state to legislate a nationwide prohibition.", "status": "In force since April 2011", "source": "Légifrance, Law 2010-1192", "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000022911670", "link_status": "Official source, automated check blocked" }, { "id": "be-2011", "year": 2011, "date_label": "2011", "country": "Belgium", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Face-covering ban enacted", "detail": "Belgium followed France with a general prohibition on covering the face in public places, inserted as article 563bis of the criminal code. The Constitutional Court rejected an application to suspend the law in judgment 179/2011 and later dismissed the actions for annulment.", "status": "In force", "source": "Belgian Constitutional Court, judgment 179/2011", "source_url": "https://fr.const-court.be/public/f/2011/2011-179f.pdf", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "ecthr-2014", "year": 2014, "date_label": "1 July 2014", "country": "Council of Europe", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Court ruling", "headline": "European Court of Human Rights upholds the French face-veil ban", "detail": "In S.A.S. v. France the Grand Chamber found no violation of the Convention, accepting the aim of living together as a legitimate restriction.", "status": "Decided", "source": "European Court of Human Rights, S.A.S. v. France (HUDOC)", "source_url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=001-145466&filename=001-145466.pdf", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "ke-2014", "year": 2014, "date_label": "April 2014", "country": "Kenya", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Executive action", "headline": "Operation Usalama Watch sweeps a Somali district of Nairobi", "detail": "After grenade and gun attacks, security forces detained an estimated four thousand people in Eastleigh, a largely Kenyan-Somali neighbourhood, many held well beyond the twenty-four-hour legal limit. Rights groups described arbitrary arrest, extortion and forcible relocation, and called the operation collective punishment of Somalis and Muslims. The government said it targeted irregular migrants and terrorism suspects. The civilian police oversight body logged complaints against officers; none were disciplined.", "status": "Operation concluded; no officers disciplined", "source": "Human Rights Watch", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/05/12/kenya-end-abusive-round-ups", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "jp-2016", "year": 2016, "date_label": "31 May 2016", "country": "Japan", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Court ruling", "headline": "Supreme Court leaves blanket police surveillance of Muslims in place", "detail": "Seventeen Muslim plaintiffs sued after police files profiling Muslim residents of Tokyo leaked in 2010. The Supreme Court let stand compensation of about ninety million yen for the privacy breach, but dismissed the appeal against the surveillance itself, leaving a lower court finding that monitoring the Muslim community was necessary and unavoidable. Accounts differ on whether the Court ruled on the lawfulness of the profiling or declined to reach it. Police would not say whether the practice continues.", "status": "Appeal dismissed; surveillance not ruled unlawful", "source": "Global Voices Advox", "source_url": "https://advox.globalvoices.org/2016/08/05/japanese-police-are-spying-on-muslims-despite-the-constitution/", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "at-2017", "year": 2017, "date_label": "October 2017", "country": "Austria", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Face veil ban takes effect", "detail": "Austria's Anti-Face-Veiling Act prohibits covering facial features in public places.", "status": "In force", "source": "Austrian legal information system, BGBl. I Nr. 68/2017", "source_url": "https://ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20009892", "link_status": "Official source, automated check blocked" }, { "id": "ca-2017-qc", "year": 2017, "date_label": "29 January 2017", "country": "Canada", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Attack", "headline": "Quebec City mosque shooting kills six worshippers", "detail": "A gunman opened fire at the Islamic Cultural Centre of Quebec City during evening prayers, killing six worshippers and injuring nineteen others. In R. v. Bissonnette (2022) the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the provision allowing consecutive parole-ineligibility periods as cruel and unusual punishment, reducing his parole ineligibility from forty years to twenty-five.", "status": "Convicted; sentence revised by the Supreme Court of Canada in 2022", "source": "Supreme Court of Canada, R. v. Bissonnette", "source_url": "https://scc-csc.ca/judgments-jugements/cb/2022/39544/", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "cjeu-2017", "year": 2017, "date_label": "14 March 2017", "country": "European Union", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Court ruling", "headline": "EU Court of Justice allows workplace bans on religious symbols", "detail": "In Achbita the Court held that a private employer's general neutrality rule may justify barring a headscarf at work.", "status": "Decided", "source": "EUR-Lex, Case C-157/15 (Achbita)", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A62015CJ0157", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "mm-2017", "year": 2017, "date_label": "August 2017", "country": "Myanmar", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Attack", "headline": "Military operations drive about 700,000 Rohingya into Bangladesh", "detail": "UN officials described the clearance operations in Rakhine State as a textbook example of ethnic cleansing. The Gambia filed a genocide case against Myanmar at the International Court of Justice in November 2019; the Court ordered provisional measures in 2020, rejected Myanmar’s preliminary objections in 2022, and closed the oral proceedings on the merits in January 2026.", "status": "Merits hearings closed January 2026; ICJ judgment pending", "source": "International Court of Justice, The Gambia v. Myanmar", "source_url": "https://www.icj-cij.org/case/178", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "us-2017-eo", "year": 2017, "date_label": "27 January 2017", "country": "United States", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Executive action", "headline": "Executive Order 13769 suspends entry from seven countries", "detail": "The order suspended entry from seven Muslim-majority countries and halted refugee admissions. It was enjoined by federal courts and revised twice.", "status": "Superseded", "source": "Federal Register, Executive Order 13769", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/02/01/2017-02281/protecting-the-nation-from-foreign-terrorist-entry-into-the-united-states", "link_status": "Official source, automated check blocked" }, { "id": "dk-2018", "year": 2018, "date_label": "August 2018", "country": "Denmark", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Face-covering ban takes effect", "detail": "Denmark's prohibition on covering the face in public carries fines that rise for repeat offences.", "status": "In force", "source": "Retsinformation, Lov nr. 717 of 8 June 2018", "source_url": "https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2018/717", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "un-2018-yaker", "year": 2018, "date_label": "2018", "country": "United Nations", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "International body finding", "headline": "UN Human Rights Committee finds France's face-veil ban unlawful", "detail": "In Yaker v. France the Committee concluded the ban disproportionately restricted freedom of religion and amounted to indirect discrimination, contradicting the European Court's position.", "status": "Decided", "source": "UN News on the Human Rights Committee views", "source_url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/10/1023872", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "us-2018-scotus", "year": 2018, "date_label": "26 June 2018", "country": "United States", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Court ruling", "headline": "Supreme Court upholds the third travel ban proclamation", "detail": "Trump v. Hawaii held that Proclamation 9645 fell within the President's statutory authority, over dissents that cited the administration's anti-Muslim statements.", "status": "Decided", "source": "Supreme Court of the United States, docket 17-965", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/17-965.html", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "in-2019-caa", "year": 2019, "date_label": "December 2019", "country": "India", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Citizenship (Amendment) Act fast-tracks citizenship for non-Muslim migrants", "detail": "The Act offers a route to citizenship for six religious minorities from three neighbouring countries, excluding Muslims. Challenges remain pending before the Supreme Court.", "status": "In force, under challenge", "source": "PRS Legislative Research, Act No. 47 of 2019", "source_url": "https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-citizenship-amendment-bill-2019", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "nz-2019", "year": 2019, "date_label": "15 March 2019", "country": "New Zealand", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Attack", "headline": "Christchurch mosque attacks kill 51 worshippers", "detail": "A gunman livestreamed attacks on two mosques during Friday prayers. A royal commission later examined intelligence and firearms-licensing failures.", "status": "Convicted", "source": "Royal Commission of Inquiry, Ko tō tātou kāinga tēnei", "source_url": "https://christchurchattack.royalcommission.nz", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "qc-2019", "year": 2019, "date_label": "16 June 2019", "country": "Canada", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Quebec enacts Bill 21, barring religious symbols for many public employees", "detail": "The Act Respecting the Laicity of the State bars teachers, police officers and other public servants from wearing religious symbols at work. Quebec shielded it with the notwithstanding clause.", "status": "Before the Supreme Court of Canada", "source": "Canadian Civil Liberties Association", "source_url": "https://ccla.org/major-cases-and-reports/bill-21/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "us-2019-media", "year": 2019, "date_label": "2019", "country": "United States", "category": "Media framing", "subcategory": "Content analysis", "headline": "Study finds attacks by Muslim perpetrators drew far more US coverage", "detail": "Analysing 136 attacks in the United States between 2006 and 2015, Kearns, Betus and Lemieux found that, controlling for target, fatalities and whether a suspect was arrested, attacks by Muslim perpetrators received on average more than three and a half times the coverage of other attacks. Perpetrator religion was the single largest predictor of coverage volume. A companion study found such attacks framed as terrorism while attacks by white perpetrators were more often attributed to mental illness.", "status": "Peer-reviewed study published", "source": "Justice Quarterly study, reported by the University of Alabama", "source_url": "https://news.ua.edu/2019/02/researcher-disparities-exist-in-news-coverage-of-terror-attacks/", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "lk-2020", "year": 2020, "date_label": "April 2020", "country": "Sri Lanka", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Executive action", "headline": "Forced cremation of Covid-19 dead overrides Muslim burial rites", "detail": "Sri Lanka barred burial of Covid-19 victims and required cremation, which Islam forbids. Officials cited groundwater contamination, a rationale public health experts rejected. In December 2020 at least nineteen Muslim victims were cremated, an infant among them, after families refused to claim the bodies. The policy was reversed in February 2021 under international pressure, though burials were at first confined to a remote state-designated site without families present.", "status": "Reversed in February 2021", "source": "Al Jazeera", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/26/sri-lanka-finally-lifts-ban-on-burial-of-covid-victims", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "ch-2021", "year": 2021, "date_label": "7 March 2021", "country": "Switzerland", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Referendum", "headline": "Referendum approves a face-covering ban", "detail": "51.2% of voters backed a constitutional prohibition on covering the face in public.", "status": "In force", "source": "Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police, official final results", "source_url": "https://www.ejpd.admin.ch/de/verhuellungsverbot", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "eu-2021-wabe", "year": 2021, "date_label": "15 July 2021", "country": "European Union", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Court ruling", "headline": "EU Court of Justice confirms neutrality policies may bar headscarves at work", "detail": "In IX v. WABE the Court held that a ban on any visible sign of belief can be justified by a genuine need for neutrality towards customers.", "status": "Decided", "source": "EUR-Lex, Case C-804/18 (IX v. WABE)", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62018CJ0804", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "fr-2021", "year": 2021, "date_label": "August 2021", "country": "France", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Anti-separatism law expands state oversight of associations and places of worship", "detail": "The law reinforcing respect for republican principles widened the grounds for dissolving associations and closing places of worship. President Macron has cited the temporary or permanent closure of 906 establishments, mosques and Quranic schools among them.", "status": "In force", "source": "Religions, peer-reviewed analysis of the policy", "source_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/1/64", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "un-2021-sr", "year": 2021, "date_label": "March 2021", "country": "United Nations", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "International body finding", "headline": "Special Rapporteur reports anti-Muslim hatred at epidemic proportions", "detail": "Report A/HRC/46/30 to the Human Rights Council framed anti-Muslim hostility as structural discrimination rooted in long-standing negative stereotypes. It distinguished criticism of Islamic ideas from hatred directed at Muslims, used anti-Muslim hatred as its working term over concerns that Islamophobia could chill expression, and flagged counter-terrorism measures that disproportionately burden Muslims.", "status": "Report presented", "source": "UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights", "source_url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc4630-countering-islamophobiaanti-muslim-hatred-eliminate", "link_status": "Official source, automated check blocked" }, { "id": "cn-2022", "year": 2022, "date_label": "31 August 2022", "country": "China", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "International body finding", "headline": "UN human rights office finds possible crimes against humanity in Xinjiang", "detail": "The OHCHR assessment found that arbitrary detention of Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim groups may constitute crimes against humanity.", "status": "Assessment published", "source": "UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights", "source_url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ohchr-assessment-human-rights-concerns-xinjiang-uyghur-autonomous-region", "link_status": "Official source, automated check blocked" }, { "id": "mm-2022-meta", "year": 2022, "date_label": "September 2022", "country": "Myanmar", "category": "Media framing", "subcategory": "Platform accountability", "headline": "Amnesty finds Facebook systems amplified incitement against the Rohingya", "detail": "Amnesty International concluded that Meta substantially contributed to the human rights violations suffered by the Rohingya, finding that its recommendation systems proactively amplified content inciting violence, hatred and discrimination, and that the company repeatedly failed to conduct adequate human rights due diligence in Myanmar. Meta had commissioned its own assessment in 2018 which conceded it was not doing enough. Meta disputes the central claims.", "status": "Report published; reparations claim outstanding", "source": "Amnesty International", "source_url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/09/myanmar-facebooks-systems-promoted-violence-against-rohingya-meta-owes-reparations-new-report/", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "un-2022-day", "year": 2022, "date_label": "15 March 2022", "country": "United Nations", "category": "Political rhetoric", "subcategory": "Institutional warning", "headline": "General Assembly proclaims an International Day to Combat Islamophobia", "detail": "Resolution 76/254 was adopted by consensus, introduced by Pakistan on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and sponsored by its member states. The date marks the anniversary of the Christchurch mosque attacks. The text records deep concern at a rise in discrimination, intolerance and violence against members of religious communities, and states that terrorism should not be associated with any religion or ethnic group. India objected that it should not set a precedent for resolutions on phobias tied to particular religions.", "status": "Adopted", "source": "United Nations press release", "source_url": "https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12408.doc.htm", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "cn-2023-mosques", "year": 2023, "date_label": "22 November 2023", "country": "China", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Executive action", "headline": "Mosque closures and alterations extend beyond Xinjiang", "detail": "Human Rights Watch documented mosques closed, demolished or repurposed in Ningxia and Gansu under a consolidation policy tied to the Sinicization campaign, including domes and minarets removed in Ningxia villages between 2019 and 2021 and, in one Gansu county, ten mosques merged and the Islamic features of dozens more altered. HRW said official documents lack the detail to establish how many were affected, and relied on satellite imagery and material posted by Hui Muslims.", "status": "Campaign continuing", "source": "Human Rights Watch", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/22/china-mosques-shuttered-razed-altered-muslim-areas", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "dk-2023", "year": 2023, "date_label": "December 2023", "country": "Denmark", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Parliament bans improper treatment of religious texts", "detail": "After Quran burnings in Denmark and Sweden, parliament criminalised the improper treatment of texts of significant religious importance.", "status": "In force", "source": "Retsinformation, Lov nr. 1554 of 12 December 2023", "source_url": "https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/1554", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "ru-2023-crimea", "year": 2023, "date_label": "February 2023", "country": "Russia", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "International body finding", "headline": "Council of Europe records mass terrorism prosecutions of Crimean Tatar Muslims", "detail": "The Commissioner for Human Rights reported that dozens of people in Crimea, most of them Crimean Tatars, had been prosecuted or detained over alleged membership of Hizb ut-Tahrir, a group banned as terrorist in Russia but lawful in Ukraine. The report describes raids and searches of mosques and religious schools, and the conviction of at least one serving imam. Russia maintains these are lawful prosecutions of a terrorist organisation.", "status": "Prosecutions continuing", "source": "Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights", "source_url": "https://rm.coe.int/report-on-crimean-tatars-by-dunja-mijatovic-commissioner-for-human-rig/1680aaeb4b", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "au-2024-register", "year": 2024, "date_label": "2024", "country": "Australia", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Monitoring report", "headline": "Islamophobia Register records a sharp rise across Australia", "detail": "The Register verified 309 in-person and 366 online incidents between January 2023 and November 2024, which its researchers reported as roughly a one-and-a-half-fold rise in in-person cases and a two-and-a-half-fold rise online against the previous period. Muslim women and girls accounted for three quarters of reported incidents, and New South Wales for the largest share. The Register counts reports made to it, not a sample of the country.", "status": "Report published", "source": "Islamophobia Register Australia, reported by SBS News", "source_url": "https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/islamophobic-attacks-in-australia-reach-crisis-levels-according-to-new-report/2uvzhw0ev", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "tj-2024", "year": 2024, "date_label": "20 June 2024", "country": "Tajikistan", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Law bans clothing alien to national culture and limits children at Eid", "detail": "Law No. 2048 on Regulating Traditions and Ceremonies restricts importing, selling, promoting and publicly wearing clothing described as alien to national culture. The text does not name the hijab, which coverage and officials treat as its target. It also bars children from going door to door for gifts and sweets at Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Tajikistan, where most of the population is Muslim, has restricted Islamic dress in schools since 2007.", "status": "In force", "source": "Library of Congress, Global Legal Monitor", "source_url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2024-10-01/tajikistan-new-law-bans-muslim-clothing-and-limits-religious-celebrations", "link_status": "Official source, automated check blocked" }, { "id": "uk-2024-riots", "year": 2024, "date_label": "July to August 2024", "country": "United Kingdom", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Attack", "headline": "Mosques attacked during disorder after the Southport murders", "detail": "False claims about the attacker's identity spread online and were followed by riots in which mosques and asylum accommodation were targeted. Tell MAMA links its record annual total partly to this period.", "status": "Prosecutions concluded", "source": "Tell MAMA annual report 2024", "source_url": "https://tellmamauk.org/tell-mama-records-the-highest-number-of-anti-muslim-hate-cases-in-2024-since-its-founding/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "cf-2025-icc", "year": 2025, "date_label": "24 July 2025", "country": "Central African Republic", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Prosecution", "headline": "International Criminal Court convicts two Anti-Balaka leaders over attacks on Muslims", "detail": "Trial Chamber V found Alfred Yekatom and Patrice-Edouard Ngaissona guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during a widespread attack on the Muslim civilian population, including persecution and forcible displacement. The judges found the militia treated Muslims as collectively responsible for abuses by the Seleka. Yekatom received fifteen years and Ngaissona twelve. Both were acquitted of charges relating to child soldiers and rape.", "status": "Convicted and sentenced", "source": "International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor", "source_url": "https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-office-prosecutor-conviction-messrs-yekatom-and-ngaissona", "link_status": "Official source, automated check blocked" }, { "id": "fr-2025-mb", "year": 2025, "date_label": "May 2025", "country": "France", "category": "Political rhetoric", "subcategory": "Government report", "headline": "Government report on Muslim Brotherhood influence prompts new proposals", "detail": "A commissioned report warned of entryism by the Muslim Brotherhood. Critics called it alarmist and thinly evidenced. The President asked ministers for further measures on political Islam.", "status": "Under consideration", "source": "Hyphen explainer on the government report", "source_url": "https://hyphenonline.com/2025/06/04/muslim-brotherhood-france-government-report-explainer/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "fr-2025-veil", "year": 2025, "date_label": "May 2025", "country": "France", "category": "Political rhetoric", "subcategory": "Party proposal", "headline": "Ministers propose banning the veil for girls under 15", "detail": "Proposals floated in May 2025 included a ban on under-15s wearing the veil in public space and criminal liability for parents who require it.", "status": "Proposed", "source": "Public Sénat", "source_url": "https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/politique/gabriel-attal-propose-dinterdire-le-voile-pour-les-moins-de-15-ans-et-souhaite-une-nouvelle-loi-separatisme", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "in-2025-sc", "year": 2025, "date_label": "15 September 2025", "country": "India", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Court ruling", "headline": "Supreme Court stays parts of the Waqf Act but leaves it in force", "detail": "The interim order paused the five-year practising-Muslim requirement and the clause letting an executive officer adjudicate encroachment disputes, capped non-Muslim board members, and protected existing titles pending final judgment.", "status": "Interim order", "source": "Supreme Court Observer", "source_url": "https://www.scobserver.in/reports/constitutionality-of-waqf-amendment-act-interim-stay-judgement-pronouncement/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "in-2025-waqf", "year": 2025, "date_label": "April 2025", "country": "India", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Legislation", "headline": "Waqf (Amendment) Act changes the governance of Muslim endowments", "detail": "The Act alters who may dedicate waqf property and adds non-Muslim members to waqf boards. Petitioners argue it discriminates against Muslims; the government disputes that framing.", "status": "Partly stayed, challenge pending", "source": "Supreme Court Observer", "source_url": "https://www.scobserver.in/reports/constitutionality-of-waqf-amendment-act-interim-stay-judgement-pronouncement/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "uk-2025-wg", "year": 2025, "date_label": "3 March 2025", "country": "United Kingdom", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Official inquiry", "headline": "Government opens a working group to define anti-Muslim hatred", "detail": "Ministers appointed a group chaired by Dominic Grieve KC to propose a non-statutory definition consistent with free speech, with six months to report.", "status": "Advice submitted, no definition adopted", "source": "Hansard, 3 March 2025", "source_url": "https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2025-03-03/debates/25030334000013/IslamophobiaDefinitionWorkingGroup", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "us-2025-expand", "year": 2025, "date_label": "16 December 2025", "country": "United States", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Executive action", "headline": "Travel restrictions expanded to 39 countries", "detail": "A further proclamation added 20 countries and moved Laos and Sierra Leone to full suspension, effective 1 January 2026. Turkmenistan's partial ban was lifted.", "status": "In force", "source": "CNN", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/16/politics/travel-ban-trump-expands-countries", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "us-2025-pcl", "year": 2025, "date_label": "4 June 2025", "country": "United States", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Executive action", "headline": "Proclamation restricts entry from 19 countries", "detail": "The proclamation fully suspended entry from 12 countries and partially from 7, effective 9 June 2025. The White House framed it around screening and vetting deficiencies; most of the listed countries are Muslim-majority.", "status": "Superseded by the December 2025 expansion", "source": "Congressional Research Service", "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IN12561", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "ca-2026-scc", "year": 2026, "date_label": "24 March 2026", "country": "Canada", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Court ruling", "headline": "Supreme Court of Canada hears the challenge to Bill 21", "detail": "A four-day hearing, one of the longest in the Court's history, drew a record number of interveners including six attorneys general. It examined whether the notwithstanding clause shields the law from Charter review. The decision is on reserve.", "status": "Decision reserved", "source": "Canadian Civil Liberties Association", "source_url": "https://ccla.org/press-release/marathon-four-day-hearing-on-quebecs-bill-21-concludes-at-the-supreme-court-of-canada/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "de-2026-claim", "year": 2026, "date_label": "June 2026", "country": "Germany", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Monitoring report", "headline": "CLAIM documents 4,096 anti-Muslim incidents in Germany for 2025", "detail": "The alliance's count, drawn from 38 reporting centres across 15 states, rose about a third from 2024. It includes two homicides, 214 cases of bodily injury and five arson cases. Police recorded 1,753 offences under a narrower legal definition.", "status": "Report published", "source": "CLAIM figures, reported", "source_url": "https://www.anews.com.tr/world/2026/06/24/germany-sees-over-4000-documented-cases-of-anti-muslim-incidents-in-2025", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "de-2026-ecri", "year": 2026, "date_label": "2026", "country": "Germany", "category": "Political rhetoric", "subcategory": "Institutional warning", "headline": "Council of Europe warns Germany over rising anti-Muslim hatred", "detail": "The Council of Europe's anti-racism body flagged rising anti-Muslim hatred in Germany alongside restrictions on pro-Palestinian protest.", "status": "Recommendations issued", "source": "Council of Europe ECRI, reported", "source_url": "https://www.muslimnetwork.tv/council-of-europe-warns-germany-over-rising-anti-muslim-hatred-and-curbs-on-palestinian-protest/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "fr-2026-mosque", "year": 2026, "date_label": "July 2026", "country": "France", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Executive action", "headline": "Prefect orders the Attaqwa mosque in Aulnay-sous-Bois closed for six months", "detail": "The Seine-Saint-Denis prefect ordered the administrative closure of the Attaqwa mosque in the Chanteloup district under the internal security code, citing what the prefecture characterised as radical Islamist messaging. The managing association challenged it in an urgent application registered on 29 July 2026; the Montreuil administrative court upheld the order on 7 August 2026, finding no serious and manifestly unlawful interference with freedom of worship or expression. The association announced an appeal to the Council of State.", "status": "Closure upheld; appeal to the Council of State announced", "source": "Montreuil administrative court, order no. 2617392 of 7 August 2026", "source_url": "https://montreuil.tribunal-administratif.fr/Media/mediatheque-ta-montreuil/documents/docs-2026/ordonnance-jr-n-2617392-du-7-aout-2026", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "fr-2026-osce", "year": 2026, "date_label": "March 2026", "country": "France", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Monitoring report", "headline": "OSCE country visit reports escalation from hate speech to violent attacks", "detail": "Personal Representatives of the OSCE Chair recorded an escalation in anti-Muslim acts in France, from hate speech through to violent attacks.", "status": "Report published", "source": "OSCE country visit report, March 2026", "source_url": "https://www.osce.org/sites/default/files/documents/official_documents/2026/03/France%20Country%20Report%20finalized%20March%202%202026%20(1).pdf", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "in-2026-apcr", "year": 2026, "date_label": "April 2026", "country": "India", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Monitoring report", "headline": "Civil liberties group opens a public hate crime database", "detail": "The Association for Protection of Civil Rights launched an online tracker listing 3,576 religion-based incidents recorded since 2014, with detailed records so far covering 2024 to 2026. It classifies hate crimes and hate speech separately and cross-checks incidents against public sources. The group says many incidents go unreported, so the database reflects reported cases only.", "status": "Database live, records being backfilled", "source": "Clarion India", "source_url": "https://clarionindia.net/apcr-unveils-new-website-to-monitor-and-record-hate-crimes/", "link_status": "Verified" }, { "id": "uk-2026-cfmm", "year": 2026, "date_label": "2026", "country": "United Kingdom", "category": "Media framing", "subcategory": "Content analysis", "headline": "Media monitoring finds 70% of UK coverage carries negative association", "detail": "The Centre for Media Monitoring analysed 40,913 articles across 30 outlets for 2025 and found 70% associated Muslims or Islam with negative aspects or behaviour, with nearly half showing some degree of bias on its five indicators.", "status": "Report published", "source": "Centre for Media Monitoring", "source_url": "https://cfmm.org.uk/resource/the-state-of-british-media-2025-reporting-on-muslims-and-islam/", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "uk-2026-def", "year": 2026, "date_label": "January 2026", "country": "United Kingdom", "category": "Government policy & law", "subcategory": "Official inquiry", "headline": "Working group submits its advice; reporting says the definition has been shelved", "detail": "A written parliamentary answer confirmed the group had submitted advice to ministers. Subsequent reporting said the government had quietly backed away from adopting a definition.", "status": "No definition adopted", "source": "UK Parliament written answer", "source_url": "https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2026-01-06/103693", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "us-2026-cair", "year": 2026, "date_label": "March 2026", "country": "United States", "category": "Political rhetoric", "subcategory": "Monitoring report", "headline": "CAIR attributes a record year of complaints to officials' rhetoric", "detail": "CAIR's report on 2025 recorded 8,683 complaints, its highest total since 1996, and said anti-Muslim narratives spread by public officials across government offices drove the rise.", "status": "Report published", "source": "Al Jazeera on the CAIR report", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/10/us-civil-rights-group-documents-broad-attack-on-muslim-life-in-2025", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "us-2026-fbi", "year": 2026, "date_label": "August 2026", "country": "United States", "category": "Incidents & hate crime", "subcategory": "Official statistics", "headline": "FBI data records 205 anti-Muslim hate crime incidents for 2025", "detail": "The release put anti-Muslim incidents at 205, down from 228 the year before, within 2,408 religiously motivated incidents overall. The Arab American Institute cites a higher continually updated count and a different 2024 baseline.", "status": "Data published", "source": "Arab American Institute on the FBI release", "source_url": "https://www.aaiusa.org/library/2025hatecrime", "link_status": "From published reporting" }, { "id": "us-2026-pew", "year": 2026, "date_label": "3 September 2026", "country": "United States", "category": "Political rhetoric", "subcategory": "Public opinion", "headline": "Pew finds views of Islam more negative and more partisan than after 9/11", "detail": "Twenty-five years after the September 11 attacks, just over half of Americans said Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence, up from 25% in 2002. Among Republicans the figure was more than three-quarters.", "status": "Survey published", "source": "Pew Research Center", "source_url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2026/09/03/25-years-after-9-11-a-portrait-of-muslim-americans/", "link_status": "From published reporting" } ]